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by www.fiber-mart.com EPON  and GPON are popular versions of passive optical networks (PONs). These short-haul networks of fiber-optical cable are used for Internet access, voice over Internet protocol (VoIP), and digital TV delivery in metropolitan areas. Other uses include backhaul connections for cellular basestations, Wi-Fi hotspots, and even distributed antenna systems (DAS). The primary differences between them lie in the protocols used for downstream and upstream communications.   A PON is a fiber network that only uses fiber and passive components like splitters and combiners rather than active components like amplifiers, repeaters, or shaping circuits. Such networks cost significantly less than those using active components. The main disadvantage is a shorter range of coverage limited by signal strength. While an active optical network (AON) can cover a range to about 100 km (62 miles), a PON is typically limited to fiber cable runs of up to 20 km (12 miles). PONs also

by www.fiber-mart.com FTTx technology plays an important role in providing higher bandwidth for a global network. And FTTx (fiber to the x) architecture is a typical example of substituting copper by fiber in high data rate traffic. According to the different termination places, the common FTTx architectures include FTTH, FTTB, FTTP, FTTC, and FTTN. This article will introduce these architectures respectively.   What is  FTTx Network ? FTTx also called as fiber to the x, is a collective term for any broadband network architecture using optical fiber to provide all or part of the local loop used for last mile telecommunications.   Different FTTx Architectures FTTP: fiber-to-the-premises, is a loosely used term, which can encompass both FTTH and FTTB or sometimes is used a particular fiber network that includes both homes and businesses. It depends on how the context is used and a specific location of where the fiber terminates. FTTP can offer higher bandwidth than any oth

by www.fiber-mart.com “Fiber to the X” sounds like something really big, like to the “Nth degree.” It is one of the reasons that around 20,000 professionals plan to meet up at CommunicAsia June 26 – 28, 2018 in Singapore to gather info and develop business around it. FTTX is a situation in which all available optical fiber topologies from a telecommunications or cable carrier point to its customers. This is based on (not outside) the location of the fiber termination point. FTTC and FTTN (curb and neighborhood) are similar because the fiber ends outside the building.   Whereas, FTTC and FTTN (curb and neighborhood) are a little different. The fiber, in these cases, ends outside a building, not inside the building. FTTH and FTTP (home and premises) mean the same. FTTE (enclosure) refers to a junction box on a floor or in a department in a bigger facility.   FTTX, FTTH and FTTP are a must-have because of individuals’ and organizations’ increasing appetite for network, network

by www.fiber-mart.com WDM  is a technique in fiber optic transmission that enables the use of multiple light wavelengths (or colors) to send data over the same medium. Two or more colors of light can travel on one fiber and several signals can be transmitted in an optical waveguide at differing wavelengths.   Early fiber optic transmission systems put information onto strands of glass through simple pulses of light. A light was flashed on and off to represent digital ones and zeros. The actual light could be of almost any wavelength—from roughly 670 nanometers to 1550 nanometers.   WDM is a technique in fiber optic transmission for using multiple light wavelengths to send data over the same medium.   During the 1980s, fiber optic data communications modems used low-cost LEDs to put near-infrared pulses onto low-cost fiber. As the need for information increased, so did the need for bandwidth. Early SONET systems used 1310 nanometer lasers to deliver 155 Mb/s data streams

by www.fiber-mart.com Both Passive CWDM and DWDM have been viable solutions in the telecommunications industry, but now, 10G Ethernet is appearing to be the most preferred solution over  CWDM , everyone is migrating to the use of 10G Ethernet. This encourages many engineers to figure out how they ought to adjust their new designs to support the transition from 10G to CWDM. If you're one of these designers who's attempting to navigate the transition, the following is what you need to know.   Bandwidth Exts are Easier In past years, designers who want to increase or improve their bandwidth could achieve this easily over a single or duplex mode fiber. During this period, the 1G Ethernet and CWDM solutions were sufficient, and the only limiting element was the power budget of the optical transceiver or the attenuation of your fiber. That it was possible to transmit up to 200 kilometers and utilize just a 1G Ethernet when designers preferred cheap CWDM.   Now, many peop

by www.fiber-mart.com OADM is a cost-effective and easy to use passive fiber optic component, which can provide easy to build and grow connectivity environment for  WDM network . The optical add-drop multiplexer is one of the key devices to implement such optical signal processing. Use of OADM makes it possible to freely add or drop signals with arbitrary wavelengths over multiplexed optical signals by assigning a wavelength to each destination. In this article, let us introduce how to use OADM in WDM Network.   Inside an OADM A traditional OADM consists of three parts: an optical demultiplexer, an optical multiplexer and between them a method of reconfiguring the paths between the optical demultiplexer, the optical multiplexer and a set of ports for adding and dropping signals. The multiplexer is used to couple two or more wavelengths into the same fiber. Then the reconfiguration can be achieved by a fiber patch panel or by optical switches which direct the wavelengths to the

by www.fiber-mart.com n our last blog post we covered the use of balanced  STP  (Shielded Twisted Pair) and UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair) to minimize the effects of RFI (Radio Frequency Interference) and EMI (Electromagnetic Interference), along with crosstalk that can take place between wire pairs carrying dissimilar data.   Because STP is not as common in today’s networked environment,we’ll reference this discussion on UTP only. We’ll also look at some of the basic issues with respect to the proper installation of UTP, such as Category5e, 6, 6e, and 7. This blog article builds on the information contained in our recent blog articles so be sure to have them handy if you need to review.   When we speak of installation with regards to UTP, we’re concerned with the potential for physical changes. Preserving the integrity of our cable(s) will give our network the stability and ongoing support it needs to maintain data rates of 1 Gbps (Cat5e) to 10 Gbps (Cat6, 6e, and 7).  

by www.fiber-mart.com Thus far in past blog articles we’ve focused on the different types of networked infrastructures, the need for UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair) cable, the various do’s and don’ts associated with the handling and installation; and how UTP, as a balanced line cable, is able to reject RFI  (Radio Frequency Interference) and EMI (Electromagnetic Interference). In this blog article we’ll discuss the termination of UTP at the head end as well as the plugs and jacks at the edge of a network.   If you recall, in a past blog post, we discussed where the standards that fuel and control the implementation of network Ethernet cabling and all connected devices come from. If you recall, it is the Electronics Association/Telecommunications Industries Association, also known by its acronym, EIA/TIA. The standard itself that largely controls how devices are wired is the “Commercial Building Telecommunications Standard.”   The two primary UTP cable types that commonly are u

by www.fiber-mart.com The SC (Subscriber Connector) style has numerous types of standards recognizing simplex and duplex connectors and adapters. Standards recognizing the SC are FDDI, Fibre Channel, broadband ISDN, ATM and Gigabit Ethernet.   As you can tell the  SC fiber optic connector  has a square style front face and is easily confused with it's smaller relative the LC connector. Let's take a look at some of the advantages of the SC connector.   Available as a simplex connector that can be converted to a duplex connector using a clip. Recommended by a large number of standards. Offers pull-proof feature. Great packing density, design reduces the chance of the fiber face damage during connection. Keyed, low loss, pull and wiggle proof. Terminated using quick cure epoxy, cleave and crimp and hot melt.    Typically what you'll find at a subscribers location is the bulk horizontal or backbone cable side ends it's run in the facilities telecomm

by www.fiber-mart.com Pulling fiber optic cable takes a lot of preparation. Without the right tools and knowledge, you can have a big mess on your hands.We'll go over some of the common steps to get you ready to make the pull.   1) Measure twice cut once: First and foremost, get the correct measurement. An easy way to do this would be to fish some pull string through your conduit. Make sure to follow the exact path the fiber will take, end to end. Once your string is all the way through, attach a heavier rope to the end, pull it all the way back and measure your string. Leave the rope in place, you will be using this to pull your fiber through later. (Tip: Always add at least 15ft to the final number. It may cost a little more, but can save you a lot of time and headache if you come up a few feet short. It is also a lot easier to work with the cable if you have some slack, vs a cable that barely reaches).   2) Plan your Run: Buildings- Although it is not necessary to

by www.fiber-mart.com You’ve started a project to upgrade your network but not sure of what fiber cables you need. Should the cables be single-mode or multi-mode? Is there a specific length or speed needed? All of these questions are great to ask as you prepare your network project and think of future upgrades. Here is everything you need to know about fiber cables including the newest fiber type, OM5.   There are primarily two types of fiber optic cabling in the IT space.  Those two types of fiber optic cable are single-mode and multi-mode.  An optical fiber cable is constructed of a core (inner layer), cladding (layer around the core), and jacket (coating around the cladding).  Some layers of protective sheathing are added depending on the application and environment.   Single-mode fiber optic cables have a typical core size of 8.3 to 10 microns (in diameter) and a cladding size of 125 microns.  Single-mode cables are normally used in long distance applications with lasers

by www.fiber-mart.com We have always emphasized that proper fiber cleaning of connector end-face is very important to ensure the performance of the whole fiber systems. In fact,  optical transceiver  module is no exception as the contamination of the optical port of a transceiver will also lead to network failure. However, many people overlook the importance of optical transceiver cleaning or do not clean it in a proper way. This is why I want to talk this topic today.   When to Clean? As we know, the connector end-face of fiber jumper is always recommended to clean before connection. But the optical port of the optical transceiver should not need frequent cleaning unless there is a problem because they have less risk of being contaminated compared to jumper. In general, if you have cleaned your connectors, but still experience low-power output from an optical transceiver or a fault signal from your equipment, you should clean the optical port of the transceiver.   How to

by www.fiber-mart.com Sorting through cables and connectivity options could be a frustrating exercise. It’s hard enough working through the categories and levels of copper networking cables, where most cables end with similar connector. What happens when you start looking at fiber cables? This is where things can definitely get confusing! This article tells you how to select the right kind of fiber cables.   Let’s move on off by saying that fiber optic cables can be used in a huge variety of applications, from small office LANs, to data centers, to inter-continental communication links. The information lines that connect between North America and Europe, for example, are constructed with fiber optic cable strung underneath the ocean. Our discussion in this article will focus mainly on the kinds of cables present in those small-scale networks closer to home, and in particular to pre-terminated cables which may be designed for installation, called “patch cords”, “pre-terms”, or an

by www.fiber-mart.com As one of the most important component of PON (Passive Optical Network) system. The market of fiber optic splitters has grown rapidly. The most commonly used type of fiber optic splitters are FBT (Fused Biconical Taper) coupler splitter and PLC (Planar Lightwave Circuit) splitters. But with the maturity and development of the splitter producing process, the cost of PLC splitter is close to FBT splitter’s. Thus, people are more prefered to use PLC splitters instead of FBT splitters because of the better performance of PLC splitters. In today’s market, there are many package type of PLC splitters which are designed for different applications. Today, we talk about something about the package type of PLC splitters.   If you are the newbie and first time to buy  PLC splitters , you might be curious about the package type of the splitters. Actually, it is not as complex as you think. At present, there are six major package type of PLC splitters according to diffe