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by www.fiber-mart.com Cables are predominant components in tree structure of a digital data center, ensuring the flow of vital information from one active device to another. In order to have products that have fire resistance properties in data center, it is important to focus on each LAN or WAN component to see the standard fire compliant standards that are present in such a catastrophic scenario.   A PVC cable (made of polyvinyl chloride) has a jacket that gives off heavy black smoke, hydrochloric acid, and other toxic gases when it burns. Low Smoke Zero Halogen ( LSZH ) cable has a flame-resistant jacket that doesn't emit toxic fumes even if it burns.   On the cable industry market, there are two standards that are predominant for non-PVC cables in the fire conditions:   Historically, the European product safety standards have focused on cable designs that exclude halogens in their designs. The IEC 60332-1 governs the flame retardant grade specifications for ca

by www.fiber-mart.com The Quad Small Form-factor Pluggable (QSFP) is a compact, hot-pluggable transceiver used for data communications applications. The form factor and electrical interface are specified by a multi-source agreement (MSA) under the auspices of the Small Form Factor Committee. It interfaces networking hardware to a fiber optic cable or active or passive electrical copper connection. It is an industry format jointly developed and supported by many network component vendors, allowing data rates from 4x10 Gbit/s.The format specification is evolving to enable higher data rates; as of May 2013, highest possible rate is 4x28 Gbit/s (also known as QSFP28).     4 x 28 Gbit/s  QSFP+  (QSFP28) The QSFP28 standard is designed to carry 100 Gigabit Ethernet, EDR InfiniBand or 32G Fibre Channel. This transceiver type is also used with direct-attach breakout cables to adapt a single 100GbE port to four independent 25 gigabit ethernet ports (QSFP28-to-4x-SFP28) Sometimes thi

by www.fiber-mart.com The Quad Small Form-factor Pluggable (QSFP) is a compact, hot-pluggable transceiver used for data communications applications. The form factor and electrical interface are specified by a multi-source agreement (MSA) under the auspices of the Small Form Factor Committee. It interfaces networking hardware to a fiber optic cable or active or passive electrical copper connection. It is an industry format jointly developed and supported by many network component vendors, allowing data rates from 4x10 Gbit/s.The format specification is evolving to enable higher data rates; as of May 2013, highest possible rate is 4x28 Gbit/s (also known as QSFP28).     4 x 28 Gbit/s  QSFP+  (QSFP28) The QSFP28 standard is designed to carry 100 Gigabit Ethernet, EDR InfiniBand or 32G Fibre Channel. This transceiver type is also used with direct-attach breakout cables to adapt a single 100GbE port to four independent 25 gigabit ethernet ports (QSFP28-to-4x-SFP28) Sometimes thi

by www.fiber-mart.com SFP - Small Form-Factor Pluggable Module   SFP, small form-factor pluggable for short, is a compact, hot-pluggable transceiver module used for both telecommunication and data communications applications. SFP transceiver can be regarded as the upgrade version of GBIC module. SFP most often used for Fast Ethernet of Gigabit Ethernet applications. They are efficiently supporting speeds up to 4.25 Gbps.   The SFP transceiver is not standardized by any official standards body, but rather is specified by a multi-source agreement (MSA) among competing manufacturers.   SFP + - Small Form-Factor Pluggable Module SFP+ is an enhanced version of the SFP that supports data rates up to 16 Gbps. SFP+ supports 8 Gbit/s Fibre Channel, 10 Gigabit Ethernet and Optical Transport Network standard OTU2. It is a popular industry format supported by many network component vendors. Although the SFP+ standard does not include mention of 16G Fibre Channel it can be used at

by www.fiber-mart.com The enhanced small form-factor pluggable (SFP+) is an enhanced version of the  SFP  that supports data rates up to 16 Gbit/s.   The SFP+ specification was first published on May 9, 2006, and version 4.1 published on July 6, 2009. SFP+ supports 8 Gbit/s Fibre Channel, 10 Gigabit Ethernet and Optical Transport Network standard OTU2. It is a popular industry format supported by many network component vendors.   SFP+ connectivity are the most flexible and scalable Ethernet adapters for today’s demanding data center environments. The escalating deployments of servers with multi-core processors and demanding applications such as high performance computing (HPC), database clusters, and video-on-demand are the types of applications driving the need for 10-gigabit connections.   10 Gbit/s SFP+ modules are exactly the same dimensions as regular SFPs, allowing the equipment manufacturer to re-use existing physical designs for 24 and 48-port switches and modul

by www.fiber-mart.com In computer networking, Fast Ethernet is a collective term for a number of Ethernet standards that carry traffic at the nominal rate of 100 Mbit/s (the original Ethernet speed was 10 Mbit/s). Fast Ethernet is sometimes referred to as 100BASE-X, where "X" is a placeholder for the FX and TX variants. The standard specifies the use of CSMA/CD for media access control. A full-duplex mode is also specified and in practice all modern networks use Ethernet switches and operate in full-duplex mode.   The "100" in the media type designation refers to the transmission speed of 100 Mbit/s, while the "BASE" refers to baseband signalling. The letter following the dash ("T" or "F") refers to the physical medium that carries the signal (twisted pair or fiber, respectively), while the last character ("X") refers to the used encoding method.   Small Formfactor Pluggable (SFP)   The small form-factor plugga

by www.fiber-mart.com There are two types of SFP transceivers, Single-mode SFP and Multi-mode SFP, both work with a different kind of optical fiber. The Single-mode (also known as Mono-mode) fibers are used with Single-mode SFP transceivers, whereas Multi-mode optical fibers are used with Multi-mode SFP transceivers. Let’s discuss the difference between both and what should we take care of when using them. What are  Single-mode SFP transceivers ? The Single-mode fiber (SMF) has much close-fitted receptions for optics used. The core of this type of fiber is much smaller (around 9 µm) and the transmitted laser wavelength is narrower. This allows Single-mode fiber the ability for much higher bandwidth and for much longer distances in transmission. Single-mode SFP transceivers work mostly in 1310nm and 1550nm wavelength and are typically used in longer transmission distances, reaching 2km to 160km. Two Single-mode fibers are used for the transmission, one for transmitting and the o

by www.fiber-mart.com Nowadays, when we look at the product- and funcionalityrange of optical transceivers , we owe it to a long technical development.   Since the beginning, all transceiver specifications are defined under non-proprietary standards of the Multisource Agreement (MSA) of the SFF Committee. This allows intercomptability of products from different manufacturers. At the beginning of the development of optical modules, only modules that had to be soldered into the hardware existed. These transceivers came in the 1x9 SFF format and were first used in 1999.   The maintenance of these modules was extremely time-consuming, a better solution was needed.   From now on, the development of optical modules split into two areas. In fixed and removable (hot-pluggable) optics.   In 2000, the first interchangeable module has been developed : The  GBIC (gigabit interface converter) transceiver . It has a duplex SC connector and can be used at distances of up to 160K

by www.fiber-mart.com Network equippers such as the Cisco Company are designed to bind their customers and move them to purchase only Cisco distributed hardware. In this case, the buyer is urged that only official Cisco components will work. In fact, some hardware (such as the Cisco Catalyst series) refuses to work with optical Transceivers, Direct Attach Cables or Active Optical Cables from third-party vendors without entering previously undocumented commands.   However, the possibility exists. For this reason, worldwide pluggable compatible products are deployed in Cisco hardware - the price saving compared to original products is enormous.   Especially large network operators with numerous ports can increase the scalability and significantly reduce costs by using Cisco compatible optical Transceivers, Direct Attach cables or Active Optical Cables.   Industrial Standards For the user, the most important factor is the functionality of the products without any restric

by www.fiber-mart.com The Quad Small Form-factor Pluggable (QSFP) is a compact, hot-pluggable transceiver. The data rates are from 4x1 Gb/s for QSFP and 4x10 Gbit/s for  QSFP+   and to the highest rate of 4x28 Gbit/s known as QSFP28[3] used for 100 Gbit/s links. The QSFP28 standard is designed to carry 100 Gigabit Ethernet, EDR InfiniBand or 32G Fibre Channel. This transceiver type is also used with direct-attach breakout cables to adapt a single 100GbE port to four independent 25 gigabit ethernet ports (QSFP28-to-4x-SFP28). Sometimes this transceiver type is also referred to as "QSFP100" or "100G QSFP"  for sake of simplicity. QSFP28 transceiver not only have the same physical size as the QSFP+ used for 40G traffic, but the lowest power consumption among those that are capable of handling 100G traffic. Basically, there are two types of transceivers: QSFP28-SR4 and QSFP28-LR4. QSFP28-SR4  transceivers is specially designed to support connections of up to

by www.fiber-mart.com We may ask why the tunable transceiver is available only for  DWDM systems . That is happening because the frequency separation in CWDM systems is too wide in compared with the narrow band gap of DWDM systems. Dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) refers originally to optical signals multiplexed within the 1550 nm band so as to leverage the capabilities (and cost) of erbium doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs), which are effective for wavelengths between approximately 1525–1565 nm (C band), or 1570–1610 nm (L band).   Wavelength-converting transponders served originally to translate the transmit wavelength of a client-layer signal into one of the DWDM system's internal wavelengths in the 1,550 nm band. Wavelength converting transponders rapidly took on the additional function of signal regeneration. Signal regeneration in transponders quickly evolved through 1R to 2R to 3R and into overhead-monitoring multi-bitrate 3R regenerators.   Around 88 di