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 Fiber optic attenuators are used in applications where the optical signal is too strong and needs to be reduced. For example, in a multi-wavelength fiber optic system, you need to equalize the optical channel strength so that all the channels have similar power levels. This means to reduce stronger channels’ powers to match lower power channels.  Another example is when the received optical power is so strong that it saturates the receiver, you need an attenuator to reduce the power so the receiver can detect the signal correctly. This picture shows an example of a fixed optical attenuator. The attenuation level is fixed at 5 dB, which means it reduces the optical power by 5dB. This attenuator has a short piece of fiber with metal ion doping that provides the specified attenuation. There are many different mechanisms to reduce the optical power, this picture shows another mechanism used in one type of variable attenuator. Here variable means the attenuation level can be adjusted, for

 WHAT IS POLARIZATION? Light is a type of electromagnetic wave. It consists of oscillating electrical fields, denoted by E, and magnetic fields, denoted by B. Its properties can be described by studying its electrical field E, although we could just as well describe light and its effects in terms of the magnetic field. Light waves can vibrate in many directions. Those that are vibrating in one direction – in a single plane such as up and down – are called polarized light. Those that are vibrating in more than one direction – in more than one plane such as both up/down and left/right – are called unpolarized light. HOW TO ACHIEVE SINGLE POLARIZATION The most common method of achieving single polarization is using a polarization filter. Polarization filters are made of special materials that are capable of blocking one of the two planes of vibration of an electromagnetic wave. Polarization filter serves as a device which filters out one-half of the vibrations upon transmission of the lig

 What are optical fiber couplers? A fiber optic coupler can be defined as an optical component used with one or more input fibers and several output fibers in fiber optic systems. A coupler essentially puts two or more cores of fibers together to connect. The simple coupler is the fused fiber 2x2 coupler. Couplers are used as multiplexers that are resistant to certain wavelengths. A fiber output depends on the wavelength of light and the frequency of polarization. The fiber refractive index also plays a significant role in the performance. Let’s checkout how do optic couplers work to understand this better. How do fiber optic couplers work? Either fiber optic couplers separate optical signals into multiple paths or combine multiple signals in one direction. Optical signals are more complicated than electrical signals, making it more difficult to design optical couplers than their electrical copy. Unlike electrical currents, the optical signal consists of a stream of signal carriers, in

How to Choose Fiber Optical Splitter Fiber optic splitters play an increasingly significant role in many of today’s optical network topologies. They provide capabilities that help users maximize the functionality of optical network circuits from FTTx systems to traditional optical networks. And usually they are placed in the central office or in one of the distribution points (outdoor or indoor). What Is Fiber Optic Splitter? A fiber optic splitter is a passive optical device that can split or separate an incident light beam into two or more light beams. These beams may or may not have the same optical power as the original beam, based on the configuration of the splitter. By means of construction, the outputs of an optical splitter can have varying degrees of throughput, which is highly beneficial when designing optical networks, whether the optical splitter is used for network monitoring or for a loss budget in passive optical network (PON) architecture. Generally, there are two typ

 MPO/MTP 12 Fibers – The MPO / MTP - 12   is a globally recognized standard interface for multimode and singlemode applications. The MPO-12 has been available for several decades and widely used as trunk cable connector for duplex and simplex applications. Among the most popular multifiber count to use when interconnecting high density patch panels. MPO 12 fiber connectors are abundantly found in the field and remain the connector of choice for most applications. Each 12 fiber MPO connector is able to establish a single 40G link. But are more often used to establish back end trunk connections.The MPO-12 is a globally recognized standard interface for multimode and singlemode applications. The MPO-12 has been available for several decades and widely used as trunk cable connector for duplex and simplex applications. What is Multi Fiber Push On (MPO) Multi Fiber Push On, also known as MPO, was originally manufactured to facilitate high-density termination and support high speed communicat

 The present data center demand for transmission speed at the access layer can be handled with 10G over standard LC fiber optic cable. But with the increasing demand for high bandwidth in data centers as they expand, the network core and convergence layer will require the migration for 40/100G transmission. To meet this demand, MTP technology offers an ideal solution. MTP cable is designed for 40/100G transmission, and can accommodate 8/12/24/48 and even more fibers in one MTP connector that occupies less space and brings better conditions for airflow. This article will focus on MTP cable, introducing its basic information, and usage for 40G migration. What Is MTP Cable? MTP stands for multi-fiber termination push-on connector, which is a registered trademark of US Conec. MTP Wiki defines it as a brand name for a version of MPO connectors with improved specifications. MTP and MPO connectors are completely compatible and inter-mateable: an MPO cable can be plugged into an MTP outlet and

 Fiber optic cables are critical to various industries and applications across the world. Unlike traditional copper cables, they are capable of transmitting large volumes of data at high speed. Additionally, they are light and flexible, making them easier to install, maintain, and repair, which has led to them being the go-to option for countless data transmission applications. Fiber optic cables need to be terminated before they are installed. Termination refers to the process of adding a device to the end(s) of the cable that enables it to be connected to other cables and devices. While the process can be performed in the field, pre-terminated cables are terminated by the manufacturer before shipment and can improve installation efficiency and/or reduce installation costs. How Are Fiber Cables Terminated? The fiber optic cable termination process requires a variety of tools and supplies. It involves exposing the fiber elements and attaching them together. The connections formed can

 SFP fiber cable and fiber optic transceiver have become more and more important in fiber optic data transmission, especially in data transmission between the switches and equipment. But with so many different kinds of SFP fiber cables available in the market, which one is suitable for may optical transceiers? This article may on this issue to provide some solutions. Before starting this topic, it is necessary for us to review the basic knowledge of the fiber optic transceiver and fiber optic cable. Fiber Optic Transceiver Overview Fiber Optic Transceiver is a self-contained component that can both transmit and receive. Usually, it is inserted in devices such as switches, routers or network interface cards which provide one or more transceiver module slot. There are many optical transceivers types, such as SFP+ transceiver, X2 transceiver, XENPAK transceiver, XFP transceiver, SFP (Mini GBIC) transceiver, GBIC transceiver and so on. Fiber Optic Patch Cable Overview Fiber optic patch cab

What is Fiber Optic Adapter? Fiber optic adapter s (also known as Fiber couplers, Fiber Adapter ) are designed to connect two optical cables together. They have a single fiber connector (simplex), dual fiber connector (duplex) or sometimes four fiber connector (quad) versions. The optical fiber adapter can be inserted into different types of optical connectors at both ends of the optical fiber adapter to realize the conversion between different interfaces such as FC, SC, ST, LC, MTRJ, MPO and E2000, and is widely used in optical fiber distribution frames (ODFs) Instruments, providing superior, stable and reliable performance. Features of Fiber Optic Adapter The optical fibers are connected by an adapter through its internal open bushing to ensure the maximum connection between the optical connectors. In order to be fixed in a variety of panels, the industry also designed a variety of finely fixed flange. Transformable optical adapters are available with fiber optic connectors of differ

Fiber optic pigtail is a fiber optic cable that has an optical connector using one conclusion and a length of exposed fiber on the other end. The connection side is used to link the equipment, as the other side is melted collectively with fiber optic wire. A Fiber optic pigtail is single, short, usually tight-buffered. The technology of optical fiber fusion splicer can be used during the process which can lower the installation loss, that is, the end of the pigtail is stripped and combination spliced to one fiber of a multi-fiber trunk. Splicing of pigtails to each fiber in the trunk “break out” the multi-fiber cable into its component fibers for connection to the ending equipment. Fiber optic pigtail can have female or male connectors. Although single-fiber solution exists, female fittings could be mounted in a patch panel, often in pairs. In this way, they can be linked to endpoints or other dietary fiber runs with patch fibers. In addition, male connectors can be used to plug direc

 In today's Internet era, both enterprise network deployment and data center construction are inseparable from optical transceivers and switches. Optical transceivers are mainly used to convert electrical and optical signals, while switches are used to forward photoelectric signals. Among many optical transceivers, the SFP+ optical transceiver is one of the most widely used optical transceivers. When used with a switch, different connection methods can be used to achieve different network requirements. Next, ETU-LINK will introduce the concept, types and matching applications of SFP+ optical transceivers. What is an SFP+ optical transceiver ? The SFP+ optical transceiver is a 10G optical fiber module in the SFP optical transceiver, which is independent of the communication protocol. Generally connected with switches, fiber optic routers, fiber optic network cards, etc., it is used in 10G bps Ethernet and 8.5G bps fiber channel systems, which can meet the higher speed requirements o

 If you know Cisco SFP Modules, you must know the SFP Ports. If you didn’t know what are SFP modules or SFP ports, you can read this article, which can tell you what are SFP ports on a Gigabit Switch used for? Cisco SFP Modules, the industry-standard Cisco Small Form-Factor Pluggable Gigabit Interface Converter, links your switches and routers to the network. SFP sockets are found in Ethernet switches, routers, firewalls and network interface cards. It interfaces a network device motherboard (for a switch, router, media converter or similar device) to a fiber optic or copper networking cable. In many cases, SFP ports are also known as mini-Gigabit interface converter (GBIC) modules, as they have replaced the older GBIC transceivers. SFP Port Advantage It is flexible for the SFP port link to the network. The SFP port is the I/O device which is able to be hot-plugged. We are able to insert the Gigabit Ethernet port or slot into the SFP port and then connect the SFP port with the network.