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When compared with traditional SONET or SDH, the next generation of DWDM (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing) is seen as a simple architecture with high scalability, capacity add/drop, multiple ring terminations, multi-services, and multiple fabrics. Then, on comparison of SONET vs SDH vs DWDM, what are their differences exactly?   SONET vs SDH SONET/SDH is the dominant technology deployed in most metro and long distance networks. It refers to a group of fiber optic transmission rates that can transport digital signals with different capacities. Since their emergence from standards bodies around 1990, SDH and its variant SONET (used in North America), have tremendously enhanced the performance of telecommunications networks based on optical fibers. The basic unit of SDH is synchronous transmission module level-1(STM-1). The basic unit of SONET is Optical Carrier level-1(OC-1). The other rates OC-3,OC-12,OC-18,OC-24,OC-36,OC-48,OC-96 and OC-192 are derived from this basic ...

Imagine turning a cottage into a majestic skyscraper without any innovation or construction. This is what Wavelength-Division Multiplexing (WDM) allows with your existing fiber optic network. Without deploying additional optical fiber, WDM network mux multiplexes multiple optical signal on a single optical fiber by using different wavelengths, which greatly relieves fiber exhaustion and extends link capacity. WDM technology comes into two flavors—CWDM and DWDM. In this article, we’re gonna explore building a 10G network on CWDM Mux/Demux.   CWDM Mux/Demux: Save Big With Network Expansion CWDM Mux/Demux increases fiber capacity in either 4, 8, 16 or 18 channel increments. By increasing the channel spacing between wavelengths on the fiber, CWDM allows for a simple and affordable method of carrying up to 18 channels on a single fiber. CWDM channels each consume 20 nm of space and together use up most of the single-mode operating range. The CWDM wavelengths most commonly used ar...

As the wide application of fiber optic system, optical light source plays a more and more important part in it. We known a basic optical fiber system consists of a transmitter, an optical fiber and a receiver. The fiber optic light source, as an important component of the transmitter is modulated by a suitable drive circuit in accordance with the signals to be transmitted. Optical light source is also needed for performing fiber optic network testing to measure the fiber optic loss in the cable plant. Light source is offered in a variety of types including LED, halogen and laser. Among which, LED and Laser light source are two types of semiconductor light sources. The following article will discuss about laser vs LED and list the differences between laser and Led light source.   Basically, both kind of light source must be able to turn on and off millions to billions of times per second while projecting a near microscopic beam of light into an optical fiber. During the workin...

When beginning the transition from 1G to 10G network, many network switch users have encountered the issue of SFP to SFP+ compatibility. Will 1G SFP optics work with 10Gb SFP+ ports on a 10Gb switch? Or will 10Gb SFP+ run at 1Gb to link gigabit switches? What if using SFP+ ports on a switch but SFP on the other? Here we’ll ’reveal the mask of SFP to SFP+ compatibility. What Is SFP Port on Gigabit Switch? Ethernet switch, known as LAN (Local Area Network) switch, is the most common form of network switch. Fixed-configuration switches are the most used ones with different speeds including Fast Ethernet switch (100 Mbps), Gigabit switch (1000 Mbps), 10Gb switch (10000 Mbps), as well as 25G/40G/100G/400G switches. As the sizes and data rates of Ethernet network switches vary, the switch port types also do. SFP (small form-factor pluggable) port on network switch is a compact, hot-pluggable network interface. Typical speeds were 1 Gbit/s for Ethernet SFPs and up to 4 Gbit/s for Fiber Channe...

The best way Before shipment of the fiber optic transceiver, several tests are necessary to ensure transceiver can provide reliable operation, including the testing on the parameters of the transceiver module, such as output power, receiver sensitivity, working temperature, bias current, etc,. The output power, for instance, is a critical parameter to ensure the normal working of fiber optic transceivers when connected to the network switch. Here introduces the definition of the transceiver output power and the ways to measure it.   The Output Power of Transceiver Module Output power refers to the average optical output power of the transmitter in the transceiver module. The unit of output power is W, mW or dbm.   The output power of transmitter is an important parameter of transceiver, which can affect the transmission distance. When the output power is too small, the input power at the receiving end of the module will be less than the receiving sensitivity of the m...

  Telecommunications makes wide use of optical techniques in which the carrier wave belongs to the classical optical domain. The wave modulation allows transmission of analog or digital signals up to a few gigahertz (GHz) or gigabits per second (Gbps) on a carrier of very high frequency, typically 186 to 196 THz. In fact, the bitrate can be increased further, using several carrier waves that are propagating without significant interaction on a single fiber. It is obvious that each frequency corresponds to a different wavelength. Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) is reserved for very close frequency spacing. This blog covers an introduction to DWDM technology and DWDM system components. The operation of each component is discussed individually and the whole structure of a fundamental DWDM system is shown at the end of this blog.   Introduction to DWDM Technology DWDM technology is an extension of optical networking. DWDM devices (multiplexer, or Mux for short)...

  Imagine turning a cottage into a majestic skyscraper without any innovation or construction. This is what Wavelength-Division Multiplexing (WDM) allows with your existing fiber optic network. Without deploying additional optical fiber, WDM network mux multiplexes multiple optical signal on a single optical fiber by using different wavelengths, which greatly relieves fiber exhaustion and extends link capacity. WDM technology comes into two flavors—CWDM and DWDM. In this article, we’re gonna explore building a 10G network on CWDM Mux/Demux.   CWDM Mux/Demux: Save Big With Network Expansion CWDM Mux/Demux increases fiber capacity in either 4, 8, 16 or 18 channel increments. By increasing the channel spacing between wavelengths on the fiber, CWDM allows for a simple and affordable method of carrying up to 18 channels on a single fiber. CWDM channels each consume 20 nm of space and together use up most of the single-mode operating range. The CWDM wavelengths most commonly ...

  Well-known, optical fiber output device can be used for continuous optical fiber, and for the purpose of long-distance import. Managed type, unmanaged type, optical fiber output device, two types, common type, but what kind of choice is it? Is it a separate ward?   A managed optical fiber projector? Management type optical fiber output device support telegraph network management, all management type main network transceiver network, ability realization effective area control control. Other ability provided External network monitoring function, failure measurement And function. Controlled optical fiber output device Can be used, can be used for management, intellectual property, or service number, and can be added to the local area network for external safety and protection. Management type optical fiber output device Tono Transceiver single area network management Web interface Tsujimatsu department in the network, Ya Noh Ansou arriving device Centralized management in...

  Optical fiber jump line, optical communication area, equipment, connection, delivery, and optical fiber import. Causes, understanding Necessary usage And precautions cannot be taken or a step forward, and the amount of optical fiber imported and the amount of optical fiber used. Main text General optical fiber connection, disconnection method and daily life.   Optical fiber jump line connection disconnection method Optical fiber jumping line available in various types of equipment Optical fiber connection port network equipment equipment, optical fiber, face plate, transceiver, wave division device, optical fiber output device, etc. An example of optical modules on a desk, a general operation, and a general operation.   Optical fiber connection walking Separately removed optical module Wako jumping line Two-end connector Upper protective cap, for parallel storage equipment.   General jumping line connector.   Optical fiber optical fiber par...

  Generally, if you want to buy high-quality MTP/MPO fiber optic patch cords, you need to consider many factors, such as fiber core brand, connector, insertion loss, etc. The following is a list of five characteristics that high-quality MTP/MPO wires should have.   1. Branded Fiber Optic Core MTP/MPO fiber optic patch cords are usually deployed in relatively small spaces, such as telecommunications distribution boxes, data center cabinets, etc. In these cases, the fiber core needs to have a curved arc. Inferior fiber core bending usually results in loss of signal, resulting in interruption of transmission. But brand optical fiber is different. For example, Corning optical fiber can greatly improve bending performance, minimize signal loss, and achieve faster and more efficient optical fiber wiring and installation. Therefore, brand fiber cores are very important for MTP/MPO fiber jumpers.   2. MTP/MPO connector that meets industry standards MTP/MPO fiber opti...

  Inevitable demands for corporate networks, home networks, rapid and feasible Ethernet. Arrival 10G or more Internet technology In-commerce regional maturity and widespread use, 10G network department Narimoto already large drop, positive cause, partial household start-up consideration, pre-existing 1G optical fiber home network, but ， 10G optical fiber network. Main text Provided by the general manager, a little useful technique, a typical 10G home optical fiber system plan, a convenient and economical 10G home optical fiber network.   Evaluation In front of the 10G home network in the department, the most important policy is the progress of the home network. Calculators, stamping desks, and other peripherals? Typological type of mobile equipment demand Demand for wireless WiFi is overwhelming. Demand for Demand copy owned network equipment? Hope for regret, network equipment, equipment, a certain special function? 10G connection for the construction of the mourning v...

  What are the Differences between a Hand Held Microscope and a Video Microscope?   A digital microscope is just a regular hand held microscope with a camera added to it. Usual magnification ranges from 100x to 800x, a popular magnification is 400x, although 200x can usually do the job. Sometimes a 200x may be a better choice as you can see more of the area that is being inspected. These microscopes can capture images and have documentation software. They provide a report on the inspection. A tech can look at the connector on a computer screen. Some digital microscopes may have a focus; some models have auto focus. All you need do to use this microscope is attach the connector to be inspected and view the results on a computer screen or tablet. This image can also be captured and sent remotely to another location for inspection. A hand held microscope provides basically the same function as the digital microscope but is limited to just the inspection. It cannot be viewed o...