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With the explosion of CWDM, it is very necessary to formulate a basic testing procedure to certifying and troubleshooting CWDM networks during installation and maintenance. Today, one of the most commonly available test methods is the use of an OTDR or power source and meter, which is capable of testing the most commonly wavelengths, 1310, 1490, 1550 and 1625nm.   This article here is based on the pre-connectorized plug and play CWDM systems that allow for connecting to test equipment in the field:   In the multiplexing module of a pre-connectorized  CWDM system , wavelengths are added to the network through the filters and transmitted through the common port. The transmitted wavelengths enter the COM port in the de-multiplexing module and are dropped. All other wavelengths present at the MUX/DeMux module are went through the express port.   Most of today’s OTDRs have expanded capability for testing wavelengths in addition to 1310 and 1550 nm. The OTDR a...

What is  Fiber Optical Transponder ?   As we know, transponder is important in optical fiber communications, it is the element that sends and receives the optical signal from a fiber. A transponder is typically characterized by its data and the maximum distance the signal can travel.   Functions of a Fiber Optical Transponder includes:   Electrical and optical signals conversion Serialzation and deserialization Control and monitoring Applications of Fiber Optical Transponder   Multi-rate, bidirectional fiber transponders convert short-reach 10gb/s and 40 gb/s optical signals to long-reach, single-mode dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) optical interfaces. The modules can be used to enable DWDM applications such as fiber relief, wavelength services, and Metro optical DWDM access overtay on existing optical infrastructure.   Supporting dense wavelength multiplexing schemes, fiber optic transponders can expand the useabl...

Nowadays, the demand for high connection speeds is increasing at an intimidating pace. People need to send -and receive- more data than ever, and the technology that’s available to them often seems to just not being able to keep up.   Optical fiber seems to represent the best choice when it comes to offering higher speeds -currently required by data center networks. In contrast to multimode and single mode optical networks, which were typically based on duplex fiber links, parallel fiber (MPO-based) connectivity has now become the ideal go-to choice, since it allows the use of pre-terminated systems that can be used in a quick and efficient way.   Nonetheless, this type of connectivity had been used to deliver duplex connectivity combined with duplex modules and breakouts. The selection of multifiber interfaces responds to the demands of increasing applications and density.   This turnover has led to a general consideration of using duplex connectivity, but a...

Fiber to the X is a term used to described any broadband network that uses optical fiber to provide all or a part of the local loop used for last mile telecommunications.  Fiber optic cables are able to carry much more data than copper cables that are actually used in almost every connection.   Fiber optics work better especially over long distances, copper telephone networks built in the 20th century are now being replaced by fiber optic cables.   FTTX  is arranged into two groups: FTTP/FTTH/FTTB (Fiber laid all the way to the premises/home/building) and FTTC/N (fiber laid to the cabinet/node, with copper wires completing the connection).     The telecommunications industry has several types of FTTX, they most used of this types of fiber, in The terms of most widespread use today are:   FTTP : This term means “fiber to the premises” and is used either as a blanket term for both FTTH and FTTB, or where the fiber network includes both...

OM5 Multimode fiber optic  has arrived, but, what is OM5 Fiber? OM5, previously known as wide band multimode fiber or WB MMF.   The IEC/ISO standards bodies have recently agreed that WBMMF (Wide Band Multimode Fiber) is the nomenclature of OM5. This specifically relates to 50/125 laser-optimized multimode fiber or LOMFF that has been developed for use within the 850nm to 950nm range for either single or multi-wavelength transmission.   The effective modal bandwidth for OM5 fiber has been specified at the lower and upper wavelengths of 4700 MHz.km at 850nm and 2470 MHz.km at 953nm respectively.   This decision was made in October 2016 by the ISO/IEC Joint Technical Committee 1 (JTC 1) Subcommittee 25 (SC 25) Interconnection of Information Technology Equipment.   The Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) adopted the term OM5 in certain standards it produces. In June 2016, TIA’s TR-42.12 Optical Fibers and Cables Subcommittee approved the A...

Tight buffered and  loose tube fiber  are the two styles of constructions Fiber optic cables offered. Between them, there are several common denominators, like the fact that both have in their interior a strengthening member of sorts that can be made of stainless steel in the form of wire strands, aramid yarn or gel-filled sleeves.   Even though they might have similarities of construction between them, they are each designed for specific environments.   Loose Tube Fiber This type of cable is designed for the outdoors. Cables that are on the outside are continuously stressed by a plurality of environmental conditions that could affect their integrity and performance.   Temperature changes, ice and wind loading, thermal shock, moisture, and humidity are some of the environmental conditions to which a cable can be subject. It’s no wonder it must be resistant to the very core,  in order to preserve and protect the optical properties of the fiber...

CCTV consists in the installation of cameras on strategical places and the observation of transmitted images in monitors that could be anywhere from 3ft to 600ft away. It is an important part of almost every security system since it is used to watch over high-secure facilities or monitoring traffic, therefore camera links need to be difficult to tap and immune to any electrical interference.   Optical fiber offers several advantages over other cable systems such as copper or UTP:   Longer distances: While copper cables are effective for maintaining image quality for just 300ft, optical fiber transmission works for distances up to 37 miles.   Bandwidth: Optical fibers have greater bandwidth than other cable systems, which gives the user the ability of connecting several cameras to the same backbone.   Data safety: Although it is possible to hack  optical fibers , it is really hard to do it without being detected, so the possibility of hackers dec...

by www.fiber-mart.com Fiber To The Home ( FTTH ) is the use of fiber optic cords to deliver communications signals from the operator’s central network to individual houses, buildings or residences, changing old copper infrastructures to provide higher bandwidth to customers. There are roughly 15 million FTTH subscribers in Europe, 9.6 million in the U.S and 2.6 million in Latin America.   And we’re are going to tell you FTTH benefits   1.Internet at the speed of light A fiber optic cable is made of several hair thin strands made of glass or plastic that carry information over light pulses, moving data in high speeds and over long distances with little signal loss.  With a fiber optic network you can get from 100 Mbps up to 1 GBps, allowing you to download that 2-hour high definition movie you really want to watch in minutes or even seconds!   2.Trust your connection Because fiber optic cables conductors are made of glass, they don’t generate electr...

At least 100  optical fiber connector  types have been created and introduced to the market by several manufacturers since 1980 and they all basically do the same work: mating two fibers ends without making it permanent, lining up tiny glass fibers so light pulses can travel through them.   Structure   Fiber optic connectors are essentially integrated with the same mechanisms:   The ferrule: This is the most important component of fiber optic connectors  because it holds the glass fiber. It is made of ceramic, high-quality plastic or metal. According to the way their ferrules are polished, fiber optic connectors can be classificated as:    PC (Physical Contact): PC connectors are polished with slight curvature, which reduces the air gaps between fibers. They need to have at least 40dB of Optical Return Loss (ORL) or higher, says a report made by Berkeley Nucleonics Corporation. UPC (Ultra Physical Contact): UPC connectors also h...