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Armored fiber optic patch 10G cables  uses stainless steel armor inside the jacket, which helps make it resistant of high tension and pressure. It retains all the features of normal patch cord, but much more stronger. When individuals use such armored 10G cables, they don’t need to worry the rodent animals such as the rats may bite the cables and make them broken. It may resist the load of an adult person, and it is difficult to break when bent or dragged. The interior armor can safeguard the entire cable from rodent. With stainless steel tube within the outer jacket to safeguard the central unit from the cable, the armored fiber optic patch cables are simple to use in harsh invironment. Although armored QSFP+ 10G cables are strong, they’re actually as flexible as standard fiber optic patch cords and could be bend randomly without having to be broken.   Installation procedure and maintenance is also easy. They’re ideal option for people who is seeking fiber optic patch co...

During some Fibre optic cables installations, there is a need to provide extra protection for the cable due to the installation environment. That environment may be underground or in buildings with congested pathways. Installing an armored fiber-optic cable in these scenarios would provide extra protection for the Fibre optic cables and added reliability for the network, lessening the risk of downtime and cable damage due to rodents, construction work, weight of other cables and other factors.In the daily connection work, a connector housing should be used when plugging or unplugging a fiber.    A protective cap should be used to cover the unplugged fiber connectors. In the process of the CX4 / SFF-8470 Fibre optic cables, the end face of the connector should never be touched and also the clean area of a tissue of swab should not be touched or reused.     Multimode fiber  has a large diameter fiber core. Due to its relatively large size, multiple chan...

This has caused the Fibre Channel community to create a Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE) specification that helps to preserve the native protocol and its installed base. The InfiniBand community has similarly created its RoCE, or RDMA over Converged Ethernet, standard specification. RDMA is Remote Direct Memory Access, a low-latency and low-power technology used with InfiniBand architecture. So now these four interface, 10GBaseCR, 10GFCoE, 10GFC and 10GRoCE are implemented using the same SFP+ single-lane passive copper cabling.    10G SFP+  usage has grown dramatically because active copper and active optical SFP+ Cables have enabled increased market segments and longer-length applications like digital signage and AV systemsBesides Fibre Channel, other storage interfaces like NAS, iSCSI, iSATA and ATAoE are tunneled over Ethernet 10GBaseCR. These other storage interfaces are also tunneled over Ethernet 10GBaseT using Category 6a and Category 7a cabling.  ...

1000BASE-LX/LH SFP, one of the commonly used fiber optic transceivers, is now widely used in optical transmission systems. With the development of 40/100G Ethernet, even 400G Ethernet, this kind of transceiver module is nothing new to the module users. However, few people can deliver a clear answer to the question of what “1000BASE-LX/LH” infers. Well, if you know what it means, congratulations! you are the one of the few. You can skip today’s contents or share your experience to us in the comment. Actually, this post is a simple reference source for the beginners in this field or those who are lack of knowledge with fiber optic transceiver but have a strong interest in it.   To begin with, I’d like to make a brief introduction of 1000BASE-LX/LH SFP transceiver. This kind of SFP is similar with the other SFPs in basic working principle and size. But it is compatible with the IEEE 802.3z 1000BASE-LX standard, operating on standard single-mode fiber-optic link spans of up to 10 ...

Several factors make 10GbE implementations a compelling option, including interoperability, cost efficiency, low power consumption, communication quality, and hardware availability. Each of these factors merits careful consideration.   Interoperability Leveraging Existing Technology   During infrastructure upgrades, 10GbE and the TCP/IP protocol are designed to interoperate seamlessly with GbE links, enabling a relatively easy and nondisruptive transition to 10GbE. Two different types of 10GbE connectors are expected to facilitate these links, including 10GBase-T copper and the 10GbE small form-factor pluggable+ (SFP+) interconnect. SFP+ supports different physical port types such as 10GBASE Twinax copper and various types of fiber connections.   By helping ensure that the 10GbE components can cooperatively communicate with GbE devices, switch vendors can deliver interoperability between GbE and 10GbE. Data transitioning from 10GbE to GbE links potentially re...

The  SFP transceiver  holds a Printed track Board that partners with the SFP electronic connector in the service configuration.   A “base transceiver station” (BTS) is a bit of outfits that eases wireless information exchange amid exploiter out fits (UE) and a network. UEs are implements like protable telephones (handsets), Wireless native loop telephones, computers with wireless Internet connectivity.   The network may be that of whatever of the wireless information exchange applications of tools and methods like GSM, CDMA, wireless native circle, WIFI, WiMAX either different ample zone network (WAN) technics.   BTS is as well referenced to like the broadcast center facility (RBS), point B(in 3G Networks) either, plainly, the center facility (BS). For conversation of the 3GPP Long TERM Evolution normal the shortening EnodeB for developed point B is extensively applied.   Though the expression BTS may be appropriate to whatever of the wirel...

1000BASE-LX/LH SFP, one of the commonly used fiber optic transceivers, is now widely used in optical transmission systems. With the development of 40/100G Ethernet, even 400G Ethernet, this kind of transceiver module is nothing new to the module users. However, few people can deliver a clear answer to the question of what “1000BASE-LX/LH” infers. Well, if you know what it means, congratulations! you are the one of the few. You can skip today’s contents or share your experience to us in the comment. Actually, this post is a simple reference source for the beginners in this field or those who are lack of knowledge with fiber optic transceiver but have a strong interest in it.   To begin with, I’d like to make a brief introduction of 1000BASE-LX/LH SFP transceiver. This kind of  SFP  is similar with the other SFPs in basic working principle and size. But it is compatible with the IEEE 802.3z 1000BASE-LX standard, operating on standard single-mode fiber-optic link spans ...

Fiber optic patch cords are also known as “fiber optic jumper” or “fiber optic patch cables”. It’s commonly used in fiber optic network. According to the transmission medium, it can be divided into two types: single-mode fiber optic patch cords and multi-mode fiber optic patch cords. According to optical connector, it can be classified into many types, such as FC, LC, MU, SC, ST, etc.   This article will introduce the categories classified by optical connector to help you know more about them and choose what kind of fiber optic patch cords you need. An optical fiber connector enables quicker connection and disconnection than splicing by terminating the end of an optical fiber. Here are some popular fiber optic patch cords terminated with FC/LC/MU/SC/ST connectors on both ends.   FC Fiber Optic Patch Cords FC fiber optic patch cords, for example, FC-FC multi-mode fiber patch cable, are with FC fiber optic connectors, which is a metal threaded screw type connection. F...

Since the invention of optical fibers in the early 1970s, the use of and demand for optical fiber today are quite numerous. With the explosion of information traffic due to the Internet, electronic commerce, computer networks, multimedia, voice, data, and video, the need for large amount of signal transmission is paramount. Fiber optics has proven to be the best solution. Single-mode fiber is one of optical fibers which is designed for the transmission of a single ray or mode of light as a carrier and is used for long-distance signal transmission.   A typical single-mode fiber has four parts: the core, cladding, buffer and jacket. In the center, it’s called the core where the light is “guided” down in the fiber. The core is surrounded by an optical material called the “cladding” that traps the light in the core using an optical technique called “total internal reflection”. The core and cladding are usually made of ultra-pure glass. The fiber is coated with a protective plastic...

Signals travel through fibers over large distances with attenuation. Then the optical amplifiers are needed in the CWDM (corse wavelength divsion multiplexing) and DWDM (dense wavelength divsion multiplexing). Optical amplifiers are devices that can amplify optical signals directly without the need to convert them to electrical signals.  EDFA  (erbium doped fibre amplifier) is the most common optical amplifiers.   Introduction of EDFA EDFA is doped with element erbium and with the core of a silica fiber. It is one of DWDM equipment that amplifies optical fiber signals as signals will be attenuated when the transmission distance is over hundreds kilometers. The term “doping” refers to the process of using chemical elements to facilitate results through the manipulation of electrons. It is employed in the telecommunications field and in various types of research fields.   Principles of EDFA In general, EDFA works on the principle of stimulating the emissio...

SFP+ passive copper cable assemblies were developed specifically as a costeffective and lower-power alternative to optical fiber cables for short reach links in high-speed interconnect applications such as high performance computing (HPC), data center networking and network storage markets. The assemblies support data transfer rates up to 10 Gb/s per lane, meeting or exceeding current Industry Standard Specifications. These SFP+ fully-shielded assemblies combine twin-axial shielded cable with robust die cast connector interfaces for enhanced support of high frequency data rates.   SFP+ passive copper cable  assemblies use twin-axial (twinax) shielded cable, which means that the signals travel over parallel pairs of conductors that have foil shields over each pair with a drain wire interstitial to the conductors. The cable contains 2 pairs, one for transmit (Tx) and one for receive (Rx) and each shielded pair is surrounded by an overall shield.   Twinax cable has ...

SFP transceivers are commonly used and necessary in our daily life. And there are two kinds: single mode SFP and multi-mode SFP. However, maybe most people don’t know these two SFP transceivers are different. The following are the differences between single mode SFP and  multi-mode SFP .   Diameter of the Core Single mode SFP has a small diametral core that allows only one mode of light to propagate. Because of this, the number of light reflections created as the light passes through the core decreases, lowering attenuation and making the signal travel faster.   Compared with single mode SFP, multi-mode SFP has a larger diametral core that allows multiple modes of light to propagate. Thus when the light passes through the core, the number of light reflections increases, more data could pass through in a given time.   Transmission Distance Single mode SFP are affected by waveguide dispersion caused by the light going down the fiber being wider than th...

In 2006, the IEEE 802.3 working group formed the Higher Speed Study Group (HSSG) and found that the Ethernet ecosystem needed something faster than  10 Gigabit Ethernet . Because the growth in bandwidth for network aggregation applications overpasses the capacities of networks employing link aggregation with 10 Gigabit Ethernet. HSSG is the first to propose that 100 gigabit per second for network aggregation applications. In January 2008, 100 Gb/s Task Force were formed. In June 2010, the 100GbE standards were approved. 100 Gigabit Ethernet (100GbE) means the computer networks transmitting data at rates of 100 gigabits per second.   There are two main advantages of 100 Gigabit Ethernet. And they are as following: Fast speed: Compared with current 10 GbE protocol, 100 Gigabit Ethernet protocol is faster. The technology adheres to the principal Ethernet protocols and interfaces, while significantly boosting speeds and reducing network latency in the process. So for large ...

In the past, because of low cost and compatibility with existing LANs, 100Mb/s Ethernet was very popular. As people’s increasing demands for faster delivery of information, high bandwidth Ethernet LAN is evolving. 1000BASE (1 Gbps Gigabit Ethernet) came around and brought Ethernet technology to a new stage. Gigabit Ethernet, as the new networking techology was a viable solution for increased bandwidth requirements. Early implementation of the technology will be in high-speed backbones and specialized workgroups. The initial standards of 1000BASE were created and maintained by the 802.3z working group of the IEEE LAN-MAN Standards Committee in June 1998.   Now that 1000Mb/s Ethernet has been applied generally, the corresponding equipment like the cable and transceiver are needed to make the network the most effective.   Before 2000, SFP optical transceiver module combines transmit and receive functions in a compact, low power, low cost package format. Now it’s widely a...

WDM (wavelength division multiplexing) technology transmitting multiple signals on a single optical fiber by using different wavelengths to carry each signal has been used since 1980s. In the middle of 1990s, dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) enabled carriers to extend the capacity of the SONET/SDH rings in the network core, without installing new fiber. As the development of data service, MAN has become a hot topic of network construction. However, DWDM system brings telecom operators very high costs in MAN construction. So the other kind of WDM technology, CWDM (coarse wavelength division multiplexing) emerged.   CWDM has fewer channels than DWDM. The energy from the lasers in a CWDM system is spread out over a larger range of wavelengths than is the energy from the lasers in a DWDM system.  CWDM  has many advantages like low cost, low power consumption and small volume. As an economical and practical short-distance WDM transmission system, CWDM becomes...

Fiber optic patch cords are also known as fiber optic jumpers or fiber optic patch cables. Fiber optic patch cords are designed to provide optical connection for fiber networks within structured cabling systems. It’s a quick and easy method for routing fiber patches in data centers, head-ends, cellular hubs and central offices. It’s composed of two parts: optical connector and fiber optic cable. As to the connector, fiber patch cords could be terminated with LC/SC/ST/FC/MTRJ/MU/SMA connectors on both ends.   With the increasing deployment of fiber in the LAN, the need for small form factor fiber optic connectors is becoming urgent. The main reasons are deployment cost and space savings for cabling hardware and equipment interfaces. LC connector is a small form factor connector with half size of SC connector. The connector was invented by Lucent Technologies. Lucent is an American multinational telecommunications equipment company. So LC stands for Lucent Connectors. The connec...

As the introduction of multimode optical fibers of the categories OM3 and OM4 are used for implementing 40 GbE and 100 GbE, though the small diameter of the optical fibers poses no problems in laying the lines, the ports suddenly have to accommodate four or even ten times the number of connectors. This large number of connectors can no longer be covered with conventional individual connectors. Thus, some vendors such fiber-mart.com start to provide the incorporated optical connectors with very low loss for high port density. This article talks about MPO connectors and its high performance connector –MPT connector.   The  MPO connector  is short for multi-fiber push on. It’s defined according to IEC 61754-7 and TIA/EIA 604-5 that can accommodate up to 72 fibers in the tiniest of spaces, comparable to an RJ45 connector. MPO connectors are most commonly used for 12 fibers (Figure 1).   MPO Connector Benefits MPO connectors deliver the optical, mechanical and ...

Fiber optic patch cords are also known as fiber optic jumpers or fiber optic patch cables. Fiber optic patch cords are designed to provide optical connection for fiber networks within structured cabling systems. It’s a quick and easy method for routing fiber patches in data centers, head-ends, cellular hubs and central offices. It’s composed of two parts: optical connector and fiber optic cable. As to the connector, fiber patch cords could be terminated with LC/SC/ST/FC/MTRJ/MU/SMA connectors on both ends.   With the increasing deployment of fiber in the LAN, the need for small form factor fiber optic connectors is becoming urgent. The main reasons are deployment cost and space savings for cabling hardware and equipment interfaces. LC connector is a small form factor connector with half size of SC connector. The connector was invented by Lucent Technologies. Lucent is an American multinational telecommunications equipment company. So LC stands for Lucent Connectors. The connec...

Many customers tend to use third-party compatible Cisco SFP transceivers to save costs on these expensive modules. But there maybe a problem that the Cisco’s new line switches do not support third-party SFPs. When inserting an SFP transceiver into Cisco switches to connect network backbone, you will find it doesn’t match an official Cisco product. Then you will stumble across the following error:   %PHY-4-UNSUPPORTED_TRANSCEIVER: Unsupported transceiver found in Gi1/0/0 %GBIC_SECURITY_CRYPT-4-VN_DATA_CRC_ERROR: GBIC in port 65538 has bad crc   The Catalyst switch disables the GBIC port. That’s because Cisco Catalyst switches are configured by default not to work with non -Cisco SFP s. When a third-party SFP inserted into the port, the switch immediately recognize it doesn’t match. And it will throw the above error message and disables the port.   Except the error, Cisco tends to be very strict about the warranty requirements for the third-party components i...

In the past, because of low cost and compatibility with existing LANs, 100Mb/s Ethernet was very popular. As people’s increasing demands for faster delivery of information, high bandwidth Ethernet LAN is evolving. 1000BASE (1 Gbps Gigabit Ethernet) came around and brought Ethernet technology to a new stage. Gigabit Ethernet, as the new networking techology was a viable solution for increased bandwidth requirements. Early implementation of the technology will be in high-speed backbones and specialized workgroups. The initial standards of 1000BASE were created and maintained by the 802.3z working group of the IEEE LAN-MAN Standards Committee in June 1998.   Now that 1000Mb/s Ethernet has been applied generally, the corresponding equipment like the cable and transceiver are needed to make the network the most effective.   Before 2000,  SFP optical transceiver  module combines transmit and receive functions in a compact, low power, low cost package format. Now i...